Working with colleagues in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru, we are generating phylogenomic datasets to understand the evolution of Cactaceae from their center of origin, the Andes Mountains. We are also filling in species sampling gaps and producing high quality herbarium specimens for a group that typically is poorly represented in herbaria. Adaptation to high elevation environments has led to extreme growth forms, as well as fascinating patterns in whole genome duplication, which are further facets we are currently investigating at the landscape level.